As an important equipment in the field of renewable energy, the working principle of wind turbines is based on the capture of wind energy, the transmission of energy, the conversion of electrical energy, the output of electricity, the regulation of control systems, and the guarantee of safety protection mechanisms. The following is an introduction to the structure of wind turbines and a detailed description of their working principles.
Components of a wind turbine
- Blade. A blade is a unit that absorbs wind energy and is used to convert the kinetic energy of the air into mechanical energy for the rotation of the impeller.
- Pitching system. The pitching system changes the pitch angle of the blade so that the blade is in the best state of absorbing wind energy at different wind speeds, and when the wind speed exceeds the cut-out wind speed, the blade is feathered and braked.
- Gearbox. The gearbox transmits the power generated by the wind rotor under the action of wind to the generator and makes it get the corresponding speed.
- Generator. A generator is a component that converts the mechanical kinetic energy of the impeller rotation into electrical energy. The rotor is connected to the frequency converter, which can provide voltage with adjustable frequency to the rotor circuit, and the output speed can be adjusted within the range of ±30% of the synchronous speed.
How does a wind turbine work?
The wind turbine is one of the core components of the wind power generation system and is responsible for converting the mechanical energy transmitted by the wind wheel into electrical energy. The wind turbine contains a magnetic field and a wire. When the magnetic field moves relative to the wire, a current is generated in the wire, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Electromagnetic induction
The operation of the wind turbine is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When the wind wheel rotates and drives the wind turbine rotor to rotate in the stator magnetic field, the conductor on the rotor cuts the magnetic lines of force, thereby generating an induced electromotive force and current in the conductor.
Power output
Current regulation
The current generated by the wind turbine needs to be regulated and rectified to ensure that its parameters such as voltage, frequency and phase meet the requirements of the power grid. This is usually achieved through a power electronic converter, which converts the AC power generated by the generator into DC power, and then converts it into AC power output as needed.
Grid access
The regulated power is transmitted to the substation through a cable or directly connected to the grid for use by users. During the grid connection process, it is necessary to ensure that the output voltage, frequency, and phase of the wind turbine are synchronized with the grid to ensure the stable operation of the grid.
Control system
Monitoring and adjustment
The control system of the wind turbine is responsible for monitoring the operating status of the unit, including wind speed, wind direction, generator temperature, vibration, and other parameters. Based on the monitoring data, the control system will automatically adjust the blade pitch angle, generator speed, and other parameters to optimize the unit's operating efficiency and safety.
